{"id":74,"date":"2026-06-13T11:55:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/?p=74"},"modified":"2026-06-13T11:55:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T11:55:37","slug":"temel-haklarin-kotuye-kullanilamamasi-madde-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/temel-haklarin-kotuye-kullanilamamasi-madde-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131&#8217;nda Temel Haklar\u0131n K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 (Madde 14)"},"content":{"rendered":"<article><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin hem korunmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de ba\u015fka \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri yok edecek \u015fekilde ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00e7ok hassas bir anayasal ilkedir. Bir hukuk d\u00fczeninde temel haklar, insan onurunu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, inan\u00e7 h\u00fcrriyetini, bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve demokratik hayat\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7bir hak, Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamaz. <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde Madde 14, i\u015fte bu dengeyi kurar. Bu madde, haklar\u0131 bast\u0131ran bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil; haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 koruyan anayasal bir s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ki\u015finin hakk\u0131, ba\u015fka insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fil, yeni bir bask\u0131 alan\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Madde 14 \u2013 Temel Haklar\u0131n K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\nTemel haklar; Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamaz. Hi\u00e7bir hak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ihlal edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, haklar\u0131 yok etme veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma yetkisi veriyormu\u015f gibi yorumlanamaz. Madde; haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin kanuni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar 13. madde ilkelerine uygun olur.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, Ba\u015fka Haklar\u0131 Yok Etme Yetkisi De\u011fildir<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir tahakk\u00fcm alan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Bir ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir, inanc\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayabilir, ele\u015ftiri yapabilir ve hak arayabilir. Fakat bu haklar, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 hedef almak veya anayasal d\u00fczeni y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ihlal etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri zay\u0131flatmaz; tam tersine, onlar\u0131 korur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc haklar\u0131n birbirini yok etti\u011fi bir ortamda ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten s\u00f6z edilemez. Bir insan\u0131n ifade alan\u0131, ba\u015fka bir insan\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini veya insan onurunu hedef alan bir araca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse anayasal d\u00fczen buna kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamaz. <strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, bu nedenle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda adil bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n<h2>Anayasal D\u00fczen Haklar\u0131n G\u00fcvencesidir<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyetin, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve anayasal d\u00fczenin korunmas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgilidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc temel haklar, anayasal d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fil, onun i\u00e7inde g\u00fcvence bulur. Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik d\u00fczeni ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelen faaliyetler, hak kavram\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na saklanarak me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta \u015fudur: Anayasal d\u00fczen, yaln\u0131zca devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan bir yap\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda vatanda\u015f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ve g\u00fcvenli hayat alan\u0131n\u0131 da korur. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/portal\/human-rights-rule-of-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ile hukuk devleti aras\u0131ndaki anayasal denge<\/a>, \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplumlar\u0131n en temel dayanaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu nedenle <strong><em>temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, haklar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zemini koruyan bir g\u00fcvenlik ilkesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Bu Madde Ele\u015ftiriyi Bast\u0131rmak \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131lamaz<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, ele\u015ftiri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 h\u00e2line getirilemez. Madde 14, bu konuda \u00f6zellikle dikkatli bir dil kullan\u0131r. Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin haklar\u0131 yok etme veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma yetkisi veriyormu\u015f gibi yorumlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken; ayn\u0131 zamanda bu maddenin haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 durumlarda \u201chaklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131 geni\u015f yorumlanarak me\u015fru ele\u015ftirileri susturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Oysa demokratik toplumda ele\u015ftiri, rahats\u0131z edici olsa bile kamu hayat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma ise ilerlemenin nefesidir. <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000386800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bilimsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve akademik tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/a>, toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu nedenle Madde 14, hem anayasal d\u00fczeni korur hem de \u00f6zg\u00fcr tart\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmaya izin vermez.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri<\/strong>, k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m say\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma<\/strong>, anayasal koruma alan\u0131nda kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong>, geni\u015f yorumlarla daralt\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ama\u00e7<\/strong>, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131yla me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Haklar\u0131n K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc Bi\u00e7imde De\u011ferlendirilmelidir<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, devlete s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z m\u00fcdahale yetkisi vermez. Madde 14, ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin kanuni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 13. madde ilkelerine uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc temel haklarla ilgili her s\u0131n\u0131rlama gibi burada da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, kanunilik, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni ve yarg\u0131 denetimi ilkeleri ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, bir fiilin haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k, somut ve denetlenebilir bir de\u011ferlendirme gerekir. Soyut korkularla, belirsiz varsay\u0131mlarla veya geni\u015f yorumlarla temel haklar daralt\u0131lamaz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/documents\/d\/echr\/guide_art_17_eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda insan haklar\u0131 mahkemesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/a>, bu meselenin ne kadar dikkatli ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. <strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yok eden faaliyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flarken, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendisini de korumaya devam etmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Hak, Sorumluluk ve Anayasal Sadakat Dengesi<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, hak ile sorumluluk aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. \u0130nsanlar temel haklara sahiptir; fakat bu haklar, toplumun ortak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz. Burada anayasal sadakat, k\u00f6r bir itaat anlam\u0131na gelmez. Anayasal sadakat; insan haklar\u0131na, demokratik hukuk d\u00fczenine, e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k fikrine ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ortak ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermektir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Madde 14, \u00f6zg\u00fcr birey ile anayasal d\u00fczen aras\u0131nda olgun bir denge kurar. Devlet, haklar\u0131 bast\u0131rmamal\u0131; birey de haklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in kullanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><em>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, bu y\u00fczden yaln\u0131zca yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil, ortak hayat\u0131n ahlaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan bir ilkedir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<h2>Son De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde haklar\u0131n hem korunmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ama\u00e7larla ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir anayasal g\u00fcvencedir. Madde 14, temel haklar\u0131n Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hi\u00e7bir hak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ihlal edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu maddenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131, denge kuran yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yandan haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlerken, di\u011fer yandan bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. B\u00f6ylece anayasal d\u00fczen korunur; fakat me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l tart\u0131\u015fma ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alan\u0131 da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 13. madde ilkelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle <strong>temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tlayan de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin birbirini yok etmeden var olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan dengeli bir anayasal ilkedir.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin hem korunmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de ba\u015fka \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri yok edecek \u015fekilde ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00e7ok hassas bir anayasal ilkedir. Bir hukuk d\u00fczeninde temel haklar, insan onurunu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, inan\u00e7 h\u00fcrriyetini, bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve demokratik hayat\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7bir hak, Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamaz. Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Madde 14, i\u015fte bu dengeyi kurar. Bu madde, haklar\u0131 bast\u0131ran bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil; haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 koruyan anayasal bir s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ki\u015finin hakk\u0131, ba\u015fka insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fil, yeni bir bask\u0131 alan\u0131 do\u011far. Madde 14 \u2013 Temel Haklar\u0131n K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 Temel haklar; Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamaz. Hi\u00e7bir hak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ihlal edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz. Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, haklar\u0131 yok etme veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma yetkisi veriyormu\u015f gibi yorumlanamaz. Madde; haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanamaz. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin kanuni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar 13. madde ilkelerine uygun olur. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, Ba\u015fka Haklar\u0131 Yok Etme Yetkisi De\u011fildir Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir tahakk\u00fcm alan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Bir ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir, inanc\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayabilir, ele\u015ftiri yapabilir ve hak arayabilir. Fakat bu haklar, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 hedef almak veya anayasal d\u00fczeni y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ihlal etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri zay\u0131flatmaz; tam tersine, onlar\u0131 korur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc haklar\u0131n birbirini yok etti\u011fi bir ortamda ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten s\u00f6z edilemez. Bir insan\u0131n ifade alan\u0131, ba\u015fka bir insan\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini veya insan onurunu hedef alan bir araca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse anayasal d\u00fczen buna kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamaz. Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, bu nedenle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler aras\u0131nda adil bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izer. Anayasal D\u00fczen Haklar\u0131n G\u00fcvencesidir Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyetin, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve anayasal d\u00fczenin korunmas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgilidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc temel haklar, anayasal d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fil, onun i\u00e7inde g\u00fcvence bulur. Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik d\u00fczeni ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelen faaliyetler, hak kavram\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131na saklanarak me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta \u015fudur: Anayasal d\u00fczen, yaln\u0131zca devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan bir yap\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda vatanda\u015f\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ve g\u00fcvenli hayat alan\u0131n\u0131 da korur. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ile hukuk devleti aras\u0131ndaki anayasal denge, \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplumlar\u0131n en temel dayanaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu nedenle temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, haklar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zemini koruyan bir g\u00fcvenlik ilkesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Bu Madde Ele\u015ftiriyi Bast\u0131rmak \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131lamaz Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, ele\u015ftiri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 h\u00e2line getirilemez. Madde 14, bu konuda \u00f6zellikle dikkatli bir dil kullan\u0131r. Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin haklar\u0131 yok etme veya k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma yetkisi veriyormu\u015f gibi yorumlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken; ayn\u0131 zamanda bu maddenin haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yler. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 durumlarda \u201chaklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131 geni\u015f yorumlanarak me\u015fru ele\u015ftirileri susturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Oysa demokratik toplumda ele\u015ftiri, rahats\u0131z edici olsa bile kamu hayat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma ise ilerlemenin nefesidir. Bilimsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve akademik tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu nedenle Madde 14, hem anayasal d\u00fczeni korur hem de \u00f6zg\u00fcr tart\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltmaya izin vermez. Me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri, k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m say\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma, anayasal koruma alan\u0131nda kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. Haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, geni\u015f yorumlarla daralt\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ama\u00e7, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131yla me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Haklar\u0131n K\u00f6t\u00fcye Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc Bi\u00e7imde De\u011ferlendirilmelidir Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, devlete s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z m\u00fcdahale yetkisi vermez. Madde 14, ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin kanuni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 13. madde ilkelerine uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc temel haklarla ilgili her s\u0131n\u0131rlama gibi burada da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, kanunilik, demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni ve yarg\u0131 denetimi ilkeleri ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, bir fiilin haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k, somut ve denetlenebilir bir de\u011ferlendirme gerekir. Soyut korkularla, belirsiz varsay\u0131mlarla veya geni\u015f yorumlarla temel haklar daralt\u0131lamaz. Haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda insan haklar\u0131 mahkemesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bu meselenin ne kadar dikkatli ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yok eden faaliyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flarken, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendisini de korumaya devam etmelidir. Hak, Sorumluluk ve Anayasal Sadakat Dengesi Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, hak ile sorumluluk aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. \u0130nsanlar temel haklara sahiptir; fakat bu haklar, toplumun ortak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz. Burada anayasal sadakat, k\u00f6r bir itaat anlam\u0131na gelmez. Anayasal sadakat; insan haklar\u0131na, demokratik hukuk d\u00fczenine, e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k fikrine ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ortak ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermektir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Madde 14, \u00f6zg\u00fcr birey ile anayasal d\u00fczen aras\u0131nda olgun bir denge kurar. Devlet, haklar\u0131 bast\u0131rmamal\u0131; birey de haklar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in kullanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, bu y\u00fczden yaln\u0131zca yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil, ortak hayat\u0131n ahlaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan bir ilkedir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Son De\u011ferlendirme Temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde haklar\u0131n hem korunmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ama\u00e7larla ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir anayasal g\u00fcvencedir. Madde 14, temel haklar\u0131n Devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, demokratik ve laik Cumhuriyeti, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hi\u00e7bir hak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 yok edecek veya anayasal d\u00fczeni ihlal edecek bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu maddenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131, denge kuran yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yandan haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlerken, di\u011fer yandan bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn haklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daraltacak, ele\u015ftiriyi veya bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bast\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. B\u00f6ylece anayasal d\u00fczen korunur; fakat me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l tart\u0131\u015fma ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alan\u0131 da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiil ve faaliyetlere uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 13. madde ilkelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bu nedenle temel haklar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tlayan de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin birbirini yok etmeden var olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan dengeli bir anayasal ilkedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel-esaslar-ve-devlet-felsefesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74\/revisions\/76"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}