{"id":334,"date":"2026-06-19T07:51:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T07:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/?p=334"},"modified":"2026-06-19T07:51:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T07:51:02","slug":"akademik-ozgurluk-madde-88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/akademik-ozgurluk-madde-88\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda Akademik \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck (Madde 88)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong>, \u00fcniversitelerin yaln\u0131z ders veren kurumlar de\u011fil; bilgi \u00fcreten, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan, ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftiren, nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftiren ve toplumun uzun vadeli geli\u015fimine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bilim merkezleri olabilmesi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez anayasal g\u00fcvencedir. Bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi, \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusunu, bilimsel y\u00f6ntemini, yay\u0131n sonucunu, me\u015fru ele\u015ftirisini veya ders i\u00e7eri\u011fini idari bask\u0131, disiplin tehdidi ya da siyasi y\u00f6nlendirmeyle \u015fekillendirirse, orada ger\u00e7ek anlamda bilimsel \u00fcretim zay\u0131flar. Bu nedenle akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yaln\u0131z akademisyenlerin ki\u015fisel serbestli\u011fi de\u011fil; \u00f6\u011frencinin nitelikli e\u011fitim alma hakk\u0131n\u0131n, toplumun do\u011fru bilgiye eri\u015fiminin ve devletin bilimsel kapasitesinin temel \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde Madde 88, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ilkesini y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat ve etik sorumluluk ilkeleriyle birlikte d\u00fczenler. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131; nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak, bilgi \u00fcretmek ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulur. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbesttir. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ise yaln\u0131z hukuk ve bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bu ifade, \u00fcniversitenin hem \u00f6zg\u00fcr hem sorumlu bir bilim alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Madde 88\u2019in ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck alan\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumudur. Bu kurum; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, geli\u015ftirmek, korumak ve yaymakla g\u00f6revlidir. Kurumun kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131; tarih, dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Atat\u00fcrk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi veya idari bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011fil, bilimsel y\u00f6ntem ve akademik etik i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yaln\u0131z \u00fcniversite kamp\u00fcslerinde de\u011fil, mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tarih alan\u0131ndaki bilimsel kurumlarda da anayasal koruma kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madde 88 \u2013 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 ile Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131; nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak, bilgi \u00fcretmek ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulan, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip kurumlard\u0131r. Vak\u0131flar kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemek ve Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimine tabi olmak \u015fart\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu kurabilir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi bilimsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat, etik sorumluluk ve akademik \u00f6zerklikle yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbesttir. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hukuk ve bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

\u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz; akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin koordinasyonu ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zerk kurul kurulur. \u00dcyeler 56. maddeye g\u00f6re, \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi korunarak belirlenir. Kurulun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde kalite g\u00fcvencesi; e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Denetim; bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, akademik y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu, me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi veya \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fini y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez; de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7o\u011fulcu uzmanl\u0131k, bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct ve yarg\u0131 yolu g\u00fcvencelerine tabidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r; bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u011fitim kalitesi korunur.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, geli\u015ftirir, korur ve yayar. Kurum kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Kurum ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, akademik etik, liyakat ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirme esaslar\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6sterir; siyasi, ideolojik veya idari bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n

Kurum; Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve kanunla kurulan ba\u011fl\u0131 bilimsel birimlerden olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ile T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vasiyetnamesinde belirtilen mali menfaatler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Kurumun kurulu\u015fu, organlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler \u00fczerindeki yetkileri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; kurumun anayasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131, mali g\u00fcvenceleri ve liyakat esaslar\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fcniversiteyi neden \u00fcniversite yapar?<\/h2>\n

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olmadan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu yaln\u0131z diploma veren bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. \u00dcniversiteyi ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00fcniversite yapan \u015fey, yaln\u0131z bina, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 veya ders program\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00dcniversite; soru sorabilen, kan\u0131t arayabilen, y\u00f6ntem tart\u0131\u015fabilen, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bilimsel zeminde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilen ve yeni bilgi \u00fcretebilen kurumdur.<\/p>\n

Madde 88 bu nedenle \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbest oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu serbestlik, keyf\u00eelik anlam\u0131na gelmez. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hukuk ve bilimsel etik i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bilim insan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken sahte veri \u00fcretemez, intihal yapamaz, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edemez veya bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamaz. Ancak bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7, yaln\u0131z rahats\u0131z edici veya al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

UNESCO\u2019nun y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011fretim personelinin stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ili\u015fkin tavsiyesi<\/a>, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim personelinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kurumsal \u00f6zerklik ve mesleki sorumluluklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar. Madde 88\u2019in akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da bilimsel serbestli\u011fi etik ve hukukla birlikte kurar.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel \u00f6zerklik ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi birlikte ne sa\u011flar?<\/h2>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131, \u00fcniversitelerin hem kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de bilimsel kararlar\u0131nda belirli bir kurumsal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumuna hukuki varl\u0131k ve kamu g\u00f6revi niteli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bilimsel \u00f6zerklik ise \u00fcniversitenin akademik i\u015flerini bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Bu ikili yap\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcniversite tamamen piyasa mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, k\u0131sa vadeli kazan\u00e7 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck bask\u0131s\u0131 bilimsel kaliteyi zay\u0131flatabilir. \u00dcniversite tamamen idari emir mekanizmas\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131rsa, bilimsel \u00f6zerklik zarar g\u00f6rebilir. Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kamu yarar\u0131 ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik aras\u0131nda dengeli bir konuma yerle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Konseyi Bakanlar Komitesinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve kurumsal \u00f6zerklik tavsiyesi<\/a>, kamu otoritelerinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fi koruma sorumlulu\u011funu vurgular. Bu perspektif, Madde 88\u2019de \u00fcniversitenin hem kamu niteli\u011fi hem bilimsel \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenlenmesiyle uyumludur.<\/p>\n

Vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 neden kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fcdemez?<\/h2>\n

Madde 88, vak\u0131flar\u0131n kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemek ve Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimine tabi olmak \u015fart\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu kurabilece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimini tamamen d\u0131\u015flamaz; fakat onu ticari kazan\u00e7 alan\u0131na da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim, s\u0131radan bir hizmet piyasas\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6\u011frenci hakk\u0131, e\u011fitim kalitesi, akademik kadro niteli\u011fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapasitesi ve bilimsel etik gibi kamu yarar\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle vak\u0131f eliyle kurulan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 da kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131yla de\u011fil, e\u011fitim ve bilim amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimi burada akademik i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil; e\u011fitim kalitesi, mali uygunluk, \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131, etik standartlar ve kamu yarar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7indir. B\u00f6ylece vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 ekseninden kopmadan bilimsel \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde var olabilir.<\/p>\n

Disiplin i\u015flemi akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dolanamaz<\/h2>\n

Madde 88\u2019in en kritik c\u00fcmlelerinden biri, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleler her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k yasak bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bazen \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revi nedeniyle g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma, soru\u015fturma, idari bask\u0131, ders vermeme, kaynak kesme veya sicil bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

Madde 88 bu ihtimali kapatmak ister. \u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bir akademisyenin bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu, y\u00f6ntemi veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftirisi, disiplin mekanizmas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcvence, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sadece teorik olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, pratikte korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck metinde var ama idari i\u015flemle etkisiz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131yorsa ger\u00e7ek koruma yoktur. Madde 88, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dolayl\u0131 bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk kalite kurulu: denetim mi, y\u00f6nlendirme mi?<\/h2>\n

Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin koordinasyonu ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zerk kurul kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu kurulun \u00fcyeleri 56. maddeye g\u00f6re ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi korunarak belirlenir. B\u00f6ylece kalite g\u00fcvencesi, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc idari kontrol veya dar uzman grubunun kapal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi olarak de\u011fil, \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik yeterlik \u00fczerinden kurulur.<\/p>\n

Kalite g\u00fcvencesi gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131 denetlenmelidir. Ancak denetim bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, akademik y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse kalite g\u00fcvencesi de\u011fil, akademik m\u00fcdahale ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

OECD\u2019nin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi performans\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/a>, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemlerinin y\u00f6neti\u015fim, yap\u0131 ve performans boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131r. Madde 88\u2019deki \u00f6zerk kurul fikri de kalite ile \u00f6zerklik aras\u0131nda denge kurmaya y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n

Kalite g\u00fcvencesinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 nerede ba\u015flar?<\/h2>\n

Madde 88\u2019e g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde kalite g\u00fcvencesi; e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama, kalite denetiminin me\u015fru alan\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Derslerin niteli\u011fi, akademik \u00fcretimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir y\u00f6nleri, etik ihlaller, kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencinin hakk\u0131 denetlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak denetim, bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu y\u00f6nlendiremez. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucu idarenin ho\u015funa gitmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bir akademik y\u00f6ntem yaln\u0131z geleneksel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yasaklanamaz. Me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri kalite sorunu gibi g\u00f6sterilemez.<\/p>\n

Avrupa \u00dcniversiteler Birli\u011finin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/a>, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fin \u00fcniversitelerin i\u015flevi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Madde 88 de kalite denetimini \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fini y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyerek bu dengeyi korur.<\/p>\n

Asker\u00ee ve emniyet y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n

Madde 88, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 tutar. Bu kurumlar, g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131 gere\u011fi disiplin, g\u00fcvenlik, mesleki yeterlik ve hizmet \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Ancak \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fin ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tamamen d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n

Madde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u011fitim kalitesinin korunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131na personel yeti\u015ftiren kurumlar\u0131n da bilimsel nitelikten kopmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitimi disiplin gerektirebilir; fakat bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, etik e\u011fitim ve akademik kalite olmadan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kapasitesi kurulamaz.<\/p>\n

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sisteminin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131r. Asker\u00ee ve emniyet kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir; ancak \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, kaliteyi ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131ran kapal\u0131 bir alan h\u00e2line getirilemez.<\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu neden anayasal g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131n\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Madde 88, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunu ayr\u0131 bir anayasal g\u00fcvence alan\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenler. Kurum; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, geli\u015ftirir, korur ve yayar. Bu g\u00f6rev alan\u0131, mill\u00ee haf\u0131za ve bilimsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kurumun kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck idari veya ideolojik bask\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendirilmesini \u00f6nler. T\u00fcrk dili, T\u00fcrk tarihi ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc gibi alanlar, yaln\u0131z sembolik sahiplenmeyle korunamaz. Bu alanlarda s\u00f6zl\u00fck, ar\u015fiv, belge, yay\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma gerekir.<\/p>\n

UNESCO\u2019nun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/a>, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 ve aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde de temel bir kamu yarar\u0131 alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Madde 88\u2019de Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunun anayasal g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tarih alan\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle koruma iradesini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ve T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu g\u00fcvencesi<\/h2>\n

Madde 88, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunun Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve kanunla kurulan ba\u011fl\u0131 bilimsel birimlerden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ile T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vasiyetnamesinde belirtilen mali menfaatler sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fczenleme, kurumun yaln\u0131z isim olarak korunmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131 ve mali g\u00fcvenceleriyle birlikte korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Dil ve tarih kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapabilmesi i\u00e7in kurumsal s\u00fcreklilik, mali g\u00fcvence, uzman kadro ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik gerekir.<\/p>\n

Kurumun kurulu\u015fu, organlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler \u00fczerindeki yetkileri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. Ancak kanun, kurumun anayasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fini, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131, mali g\u00fcvencelerini ve liyakat esaslar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatamaz. Bu c\u00fcmle, kurumun i\u00e7ini bo\u015faltabilecek dolayl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere kar\u015f\u0131 anayasal kilit g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Madde 88\u2019in bilimsel g\u00fcvence haritas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Alan<\/th>\nAnayasal G\u00fcvence<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131<\/td>\nKamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/td>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitim serbestli\u011fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalite g\u00fcvencesi<\/td>\nE\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 denetim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d6zerk kurul<\/td>\n\u00c7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi ve 56. madde liyakat ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimi<\/td>\nKazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeme ve devlet g\u00f6zetimi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu<\/td>\n\u0130dari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, mali g\u00fcvence ve liyakat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Bu harita, Madde 88\u2019in yaln\u0131z \u00fcniversiteleri de\u011fil, bilimsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 da koruyan geni\u015f bir akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik d\u00fczeni kurdu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7: Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bilgi \u00fcretiminin anayasal zeminidir<\/h2>\n

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmesi, nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirebilmesi, bilgi \u00fcretebilmesi ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmesi i\u00e7in temel anayasal g\u00fcvence olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip kurumlar olarak tan\u0131mlar; \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbest oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir.<\/p>\n

Bu maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fc, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaln\u0131z ilke olarak tan\u0131mamas\u0131; disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da engellemesidir. \u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Kalite g\u00fcvencesi ise e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak Madde 88, \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ile kalite g\u00fcvencesini, vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimi ile kamu g\u00f6zetimini, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile bilimsel etik sorumlulu\u011fu dengeli bi\u00e7imde bir araya getirir. Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu ise idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklikle; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, geli\u015ftirmek, korumak ve yaymakla g\u00f6revlendirilir. Bu nedenle akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bu anayasa modelinde bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat, etik sorumluluk, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haf\u0131za ve mill\u00ee bilim kapasitesi<\/strong> aras\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f temel anayasal g\u00fcvence alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00fcniversitelerin yaln\u0131z ders veren kurumlar de\u011fil; bilgi \u00fcreten, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan, ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftiren, nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftiren ve toplumun uzun vadeli geli\u015fimine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bilim merkezleri olabilmesi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez anayasal g\u00fcvencedir. Bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi, \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusunu, bilimsel y\u00f6ntemini, yay\u0131n sonucunu, me\u015fru ele\u015ftirisini veya ders i\u00e7eri\u011fini idari bask\u0131, disiplin tehdidi ya da siyasi y\u00f6nlendirmeyle \u015fekillendirirse, orada ger\u00e7ek anlamda bilimsel \u00fcretim zay\u0131flar. Bu nedenle akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yaln\u0131z akademisyenlerin ki\u015fisel serbestli\u011fi de\u011fil; \u00f6\u011frencinin nitelikli e\u011fitim alma hakk\u0131n\u0131n, toplumun do\u011fru bilgiye eri\u015fiminin ve devletin bilimsel kapasitesinin temel \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Madde 88, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ilkesini y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat ve etik sorumluluk ilkeleriyle birlikte d\u00fczenler. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131; nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak, bilgi \u00fcretmek ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulur. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbesttir. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ise yaln\u0131z hukuk ve bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bu ifade, \u00fcniversitenin hem \u00f6zg\u00fcr hem sorumlu bir bilim alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Madde 88\u2019in ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck alan\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumudur. Bu kurum; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, geli\u015ftirmek, korumak ve yaymakla g\u00f6revlidir. Kurumun kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131; tarih, dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Atat\u00fcrk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi veya idari bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011fil, bilimsel y\u00f6ntem ve akademik etik i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, yaln\u0131z \u00fcniversite kamp\u00fcslerinde de\u011fil, mill\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tarih alan\u0131ndaki bilimsel kurumlarda da anayasal koruma kazan\u0131r. Madde 88 \u2013 Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 ile Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131; nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak, bilgi \u00fcretmek ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulan, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip kurumlard\u0131r. Vak\u0131flar kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemek ve Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimine tabi olmak \u015fart\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu kurabilir. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi bilimsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat, etik sorumluluk ve akademik \u00f6zerklikle yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbesttir. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hukuk ve bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. \u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz; akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lamaz. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin koordinasyonu ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zerk kurul kurulur. \u00dcyeler 56. maddeye g\u00f6re, \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi korunarak belirlenir. Kurulun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve usulleri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde kalite g\u00fcvencesi; e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Denetim; bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, akademik y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu, me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi veya \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fini y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez; de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7o\u011fulcu uzmanl\u0131k, bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct ve yarg\u0131 yolu g\u00fcvencelerine tabidir. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler sakl\u0131d\u0131r; bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u011fitim kalitesi korunur. Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, geli\u015ftirir, korur ve yayar. Kurum kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahiptir. Kurum ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, akademik etik, liyakat ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirme esaslar\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6sterir; siyasi, ideolojik veya idari bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131namaz. Kurum; Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve kanunla kurulan ba\u011fl\u0131 bilimsel birimlerden olu\u015fur. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ile T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vasiyetnamesinde belirtilen mali menfaatler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Kurumun kurulu\u015fu, organlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler \u00fczerindeki yetkileri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; kurumun anayasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131, mali g\u00fcvenceleri ve liyakat esaslar\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fcniversiteyi neden \u00fcniversite yapar? Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olmadan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu yaln\u0131z diploma veren bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. \u00dcniversiteyi ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00fcniversite yapan \u015fey, yaln\u0131z bina, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 veya ders program\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00dcniversite; soru sorabilen, kan\u0131t arayabilen, y\u00f6ntem tart\u0131\u015fabilen, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bilimsel zeminde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilen ve yeni bilgi \u00fcretebilen kurumdur. Madde 88 bu nedenle \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbest oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu serbestlik, keyf\u00eelik anlam\u0131na gelmez. Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hukuk ve bilimsel etik i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bilim insan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken sahte veri \u00fcretemez, intihal yapamaz, insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edemez veya bilimsel etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamaz. Ancak bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7, yaln\u0131z rahats\u0131z edici veya al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. UNESCO\u2019nun y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011fretim personelinin stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ili\u015fkin tavsiyesi, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim personelinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kurumsal \u00f6zerklik ve mesleki sorumluluklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar. Madde 88\u2019in akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da bilimsel serbestli\u011fi etik ve hukukla birlikte kurar. Bilimsel \u00f6zerklik ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi birlikte ne sa\u011flar? Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131, \u00fcniversitelerin hem kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de bilimsel kararlar\u0131nda belirli bir kurumsal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumuna hukuki varl\u0131k ve kamu g\u00f6revi niteli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bilimsel \u00f6zerklik ise \u00fcniversitenin akademik i\u015flerini bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini sa\u011flar. Bu ikili yap\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcniversite tamamen piyasa mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, k\u0131sa vadeli kazan\u00e7 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck bask\u0131s\u0131 bilimsel kaliteyi zay\u0131flatabilir. \u00dcniversite tamamen idari emir mekanizmas\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131rsa, bilimsel \u00f6zerklik zarar g\u00f6rebilir. Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kamu yarar\u0131 ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik aras\u0131nda dengeli bir konuma yerle\u015ftirir. Avrupa Konseyi Bakanlar Komitesinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve kurumsal \u00f6zerklik tavsiyesi, kamu otoritelerinin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fi koruma sorumlulu\u011funu vurgular. Bu perspektif, Madde 88\u2019de \u00fcniversitenin hem kamu niteli\u011fi hem bilimsel \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenlenmesiyle uyumludur. Vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 neden kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fcdemez? Madde 88, vak\u0131flar\u0131n kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmemek ve Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimine tabi olmak \u015fart\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumu kurabilece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimini tamamen d\u0131\u015flamaz; fakat onu ticari kazan\u00e7 alan\u0131na da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim, s\u0131radan bir hizmet piyasas\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6\u011frenci hakk\u0131, e\u011fitim kalitesi, akademik kadro niteli\u011fi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapasitesi ve bilimsel etik gibi kamu yarar\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle vak\u0131f eliyle kurulan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 da kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131yla de\u011fil, e\u011fitim ve bilim amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimi burada akademik i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil; e\u011fitim kalitesi, mali uygunluk, \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131, etik standartlar ve kamu yarar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7indir. B\u00f6ylece vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 ekseninden kopmadan bilimsel \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde var olabilir. Disiplin i\u015flemi akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dolanamaz Madde 88\u2019in en kritik c\u00fcmlelerinden biri, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleler her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k yasak bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bazen \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revi nedeniyle g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma, soru\u015fturma, idari bask\u0131, ders vermeme, kaynak kesme veya sicil bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. Madde 88 bu ihtimali kapatmak ister. \u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bir akademisyenin bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu, y\u00f6ntemi veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftirisi, disiplin mekanizmas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bu g\u00fcvence, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sadece teorik olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, pratikte korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck metinde var ama idari i\u015flemle etkisiz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131yorsa ger\u00e7ek koruma yoktur. Madde 88, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dolayl\u0131 bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u00d6zerk kalite kurulu: denetim mi, y\u00f6nlendirme mi? Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin koordinasyonu ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zerk kurul kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu kurulun \u00fcyeleri 56. maddeye g\u00f6re ve \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi korunarak belirlenir. B\u00f6ylece kalite g\u00fcvencesi, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc idari kontrol veya dar uzman grubunun kapal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi olarak de\u011fil, \u00e7o\u011fulcu akademik yeterlik \u00fczerinden kurulur. Kalite g\u00fcvencesi gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131 denetlenmelidir. Ancak denetim bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, akademik y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse kalite g\u00fcvencesi de\u011fil, akademik m\u00fcdahale ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. OECD\u2019nin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemi performans\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesi, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemlerinin y\u00f6neti\u015fim, yap\u0131 ve performans boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131r. Madde 88\u2019deki \u00f6zerk kurul fikri de kalite ile \u00f6zerklik aras\u0131nda denge kurmaya y\u00f6neliktir. Kalite g\u00fcvencesinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 nerede ba\u015flar? Madde 88\u2019e g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde kalite g\u00fcvencesi; e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlama, kalite denetiminin me\u015fru alan\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Derslerin niteli\u011fi, akademik \u00fcretimin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir y\u00f6nleri, etik ihlaller, kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencinin hakk\u0131 denetlenebilir. Ancak denetim, bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu y\u00f6nlendiremez. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucu idarenin ho\u015funa gitmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Bir akademik y\u00f6ntem yaln\u0131z geleneksel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yasaklanamaz. Me\u015fru ele\u015ftiri kalite sorunu gibi g\u00f6sterilemez. Avrupa \u00dcniversiteler Birli\u011finin akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile kurumsal \u00f6zerkli\u011fin \u00fcniversitelerin i\u015flevi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Madde 88 de kalite denetimini \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fini y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyerek bu dengeyi korur. Asker\u00ee ve emniyet y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler Madde 88, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131 tutar. Bu kurumlar, g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131 gere\u011fi disiplin, g\u00fcvenlik, mesleki yeterlik ve hizmet \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Ancak \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fin ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tamamen d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Madde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u011fitim kalitesinin korunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131na personel yeti\u015ftiren kurumlar\u0131n da bilimsel nitelikten kopmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcvenlik e\u011fitimi disiplin gerektirebilir; fakat bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, etik e\u011fitim ve akademik kalite olmadan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kapasitesi kurulamaz. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sisteminin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131r. Asker\u00ee ve emniyet kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir; ancak \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme, kaliteyi ve akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131ran kapal\u0131 bir alan h\u00e2line getirilemez. Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu neden anayasal g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131n\u0131r? Madde 88, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunu ayr\u0131 bir anayasal g\u00fcvence alan\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenler. Kurum; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, Atat\u00fcrk ilke ve ink\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, geli\u015ftirir, korur ve yayar. Bu g\u00f6rev alan\u0131, mill\u00ee haf\u0131za ve bilimsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Kurumun kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine, idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck idari veya ideolojik bask\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendirilmesini \u00f6nler. T\u00fcrk dili, T\u00fcrk tarihi ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc gibi alanlar, yaln\u0131z sembolik sahiplenmeyle korunamaz. Bu alanlarda s\u00f6zl\u00fck, ar\u015fiv, belge, yay\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve bilimsel tart\u0131\u015fma gerekir. UNESCO\u2019nun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 ve aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde de temel bir kamu yarar\u0131 alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Madde 88\u2019de Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunun anayasal g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve tarih alan\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle koruma iradesini yans\u0131t\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ve T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu g\u00fcvencesi Madde 88, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumunun Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi ve kanunla kurulan ba\u011fl\u0131 bilimsel birimlerden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ile T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vasiyetnamesinde belirtilen mali menfaatler sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme, kurumun yaln\u0131z isim olarak korunmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131 ve mali g\u00fcvenceleriyle birlikte korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Dil ve tarih kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapabilmesi i\u00e7in kurumsal s\u00fcreklilik, mali g\u00fcvence, uzman kadro ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik gerekir. Kurumun kurulu\u015fu, organlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, \u00f6zl\u00fck i\u015fleri ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimler \u00fczerindeki yetkileri kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. Ancak kanun, kurumun anayasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fini, g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131, mali g\u00fcvencelerini ve liyakat esaslar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatamaz. Bu c\u00fcmle, kurumun i\u00e7ini bo\u015faltabilecek dolayl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere kar\u015f\u0131 anayasal kilit g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Madde 88\u2019in bilimsel g\u00fcvence haritas\u0131 Alan Anayasal G\u00fcvence Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitim serbestli\u011fi Kalite g\u00fcvencesi E\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 denetim \u00d6zerk kurul \u00c7o\u011fulcu akademik uzmanl\u0131k dengesi ve 56. madde liyakat ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 Vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimi Kazan\u00e7 amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeme ve devlet g\u00f6zetimi Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu \u0130dari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, mali g\u00fcvence ve liyakat Bu harita, Madde 88\u2019in yaln\u0131z \u00fcniversiteleri de\u011fil, bilimsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 da koruyan geni\u015f bir akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklik d\u00fczeni kurdu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Sonu\u00e7: Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bilgi \u00fcretiminin anayasal zeminidir Akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmesi, nitelikli insan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirebilmesi, bilgi \u00fcretebilmesi ve toplumsal geli\u015fime katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmesi i\u00e7in temel anayasal g\u00fcvence olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde 88, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fine ve bilimsel \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip kurumlar olarak tan\u0131mlar; \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma, yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitimde serbest oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fc, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaln\u0131z ilke olarak tan\u0131mamas\u0131; disiplin veya idari i\u015flem yoluyla dolan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da engellemesidir. \u00dcniversite organlar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131, akademik g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle yetkili ve hukuki usuller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Kalite g\u00fcvencesi ise e\u011fitim niteli\u011fi, bilimsel \u00fcretim, etik standart, kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci hakk\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, y\u00f6ntemi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunu veya me\u015fru ele\u015ftiriyi y\u00f6nlendirme arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Madde 88, \u00fcniversite \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ile kalite g\u00fcvencesini, vak\u0131f y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimi ile kamu g\u00f6zetimini, akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile bilimsel etik sorumlulu\u011fu dengeli bi\u00e7imde bir araya getirir. Atat\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu ise idari ve bilimsel \u00f6zerklikle; Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, T\u00fcrk dilini, T\u00fcrk tarihini ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bilimsel esaslara g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, geli\u015ftirmek, korumak ve yaymakla g\u00f6revlendirilir. Bu nedenle akademik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bu anayasa modelinde bilimsel \u00f6zerklik, e\u011fitim kalitesi, liyakat, etik sorumluluk, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haf\u0131za ve mill\u00ee bilim kapasitesi aras\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f temel anayasal g\u00fcvence alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yurutme-basbakanlik-ve-idare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=334"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":336,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/334\/revisions\/336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}