{"id":319,"date":"2026-06-19T07:04:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T07:04:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/?p=319"},"modified":"2026-06-19T07:04:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T07:04:57","slug":"baskomutanlik-madde-83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/baskomutanlik-madde-83\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k (Madde 83)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k<\/strong>, devletin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kime ait oldu\u011funu, hangi anayasal me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiil\u00ee komuta yetkisinin hangi sivil sorumluluk \u00e7izgisinde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en hassas anayasal kurumlardan biridir. Bir \u00fclkede silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, yaln\u0131z teknik savunma kapasitesi de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda mill\u00ee egemenlik, hukuk devleti, sivil otorite, yurt savunmas\u0131 ve anayasal d\u00fczen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok dikkatli s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k meselesi, yaln\u0131z asker\u00ee emir-komuta zinciriyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, millet iradesiyle, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil g\u00f6reviyle, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fuyla ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kanunla belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde Madde 83, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kurumunu \u00e7ift katmanl\u0131 bir dengeyle d\u00fczenler. Birinci katmanda ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur. \u0130kinci katmanda ise mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131, Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, sembolik temsil ile fiil\u00ee sevk ve idarenin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir anayasal d\u00fczene ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilmesini yasaklamas\u0131d\u0131r. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu yaln\u0131z mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu yap\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc devletin hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez; tam tersine sivil otorite, hukuk, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve demokratik denetim<\/strong> alt\u0131nda tutar.<\/p>\n

Madde 83 \u2013 Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda, sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 ve siyasi etkilerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00fcyeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131; 77, 81 ve 119. madde g\u00fcvenceleri korunarak kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmaz; y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin veya yarg\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemez; se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Neden TBMM\u2019nin Manevi Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Ayr\u0131lamaz?<\/h2>\n

Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn ilk c\u00fcmlesi, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kurumunu T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flar. Bu ifade, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel makam, d\u00f6nemsel y\u00f6netici veya kapal\u0131 komuta hiyerar\u015fisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, nihai olarak millet egemenli\u011fi i\u00e7inde anlam kazan\u0131r. TBMM ise millet iradesinin anayasal temsil merkezidir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n TBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamamas\u0131, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn millet iradesinden kopar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu ba\u011f, Meclisin her asker\u00ee karar\u0131 do\u011frudan y\u00f6netece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez; ancak asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel iktidar de\u011fil, anayasal millet iradesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bir ki\u015finin asker\u00ee otoriteyi \u015fahsile\u015ftirmesine imk\u00e2n veren bir unvan de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 anayasal temsil kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eder; fakat temsil, fiil\u00ee asker\u00ee komuta yetkisi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neden Yaln\u0131z Temsil Eder?<\/h2>\n

Madde 83, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z temsil etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, Madde 77 ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Madde 77\u2019de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz bi\u00e7imde ve icrai asker\u00ee komuta yetkisi do\u011furmaks\u0131z\u0131n temsil edece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenir. Bu nedenle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak asker\u00ee sevk ve idare alan\u0131na giremez.<\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 devletin ba\u015f\u0131 ve Cumhuriyetin birli\u011finin temsilcisidir. Ancak Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 modelinde y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil g\u00f6revi, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi kullanma, asker\u00ee emir verme, operasyonel karar alma veya mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetkisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131n\u0131n vakar\u0131n\u0131 ve devlet temsilini korurken, fiil\u00ee asker\u00ee sorumlulu\u011fu Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai alan\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu tercih, hem makamlar aras\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler hem de asker\u00ee kararlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le getirir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n \u0130crai Sorumlulu\u011fu Ne Anlama Gelir?<\/h2>\n

Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131, Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, asker\u00ee ve g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda sorumluluk zincirini netle\u015ftirir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 temsil eder; Ba\u015fbakan icrai sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131r; TBMM millet iradesinin anayasal merkezidir; yarg\u0131 denetimi hukuk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 korur.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f veya denetimsiz hareket edemeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131, ki\u015fisel g\u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131 de\u011fil, anayasal sorumluluk alan\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fbakan, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin merkezi olarak g\u00fcvenlik ve savunma hizmetlerinin hukuka, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisine, sivil otoriteye ve kamu yarar\u0131na uygun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumludur.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn demokratik y\u00f6netimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir. DCAF, g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6netimini daha etkili ve hesap verebilir g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131yla devletleri ve insanlar\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenli k\u0131lmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck bir alan olarak tan\u0131mlar. DCAF \u2013 Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance<\/a> bu konuda g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6netimi, hesap verebilirlik ve demokratik denetim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 kaynaklardan biridir.<\/p>\n

Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve TSK Neden Kanunla D\u00fczenlenir?<\/h2>\n

Madde 83, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00fcyeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini belirtir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, asker\u00ee ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n idari team\u00fcl, fiil\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi veya kapal\u0131 i\u00e7 d\u00fczenlemelerle \u015fekillenmesini \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri gibi kurumlar, devletin en y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlik kapasitesini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu kapasitenin kurulu\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131, terfi sistemi, disiplin esaslar\u0131, atama usulleri ve denetim mekanizmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kanuni \u00e7er\u00e7eveye dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kanunilik, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc hem \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hem denetlenebilir k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fczenleme ayn\u0131 zamanda 77, 81 ve 119. madde g\u00fcvencelerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015far. Yani Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri d\u00fczenlenirken Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve g\u00fcvenlik sorumlulu\u011fu, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi ve anayasal denetim dengesi zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde anlam kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Neden \u0130sti\u015far\u00eedir?<\/h2>\n

Madde 83, Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunu mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organ olarak tan\u0131mlar. MGK\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir; y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin veya yarg\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7emez. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fma ile karar alma yetkisini birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu, farkl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6rlerinin de\u011ferlendirme yapabilece\u011fi, riskleri tart\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine katk\u0131 sunabilece\u011fi bir isti\u015fare zeminidir. Ancak isti\u015fare, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 icra yetkisi de\u011fildir. MGK g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme sorumlulu\u011funu devralamaz; TBMM\u2019nin kanun ve denetim alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltamaz; yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131m, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131n devlet organlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kapal\u0131 bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. G\u00fcvenlik siyaseti \u00f6nemlidir; fakat g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esi, anayasal organlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya alan veya onlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en bir mekanizma h\u00e2line getirilemez.<\/p>\n

Sivil Otoriteye Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k Neden Hayatidir?<\/h2>\n

Madde 83, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131n sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn demokratik anayasal d\u00fczen i\u00e7indeki yerini belirler. Silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 profesyonel, disiplinli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olabilir; fakat nihai kamu sorumlulu\u011fu sivil anayasal makamlar eliyle ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, asker\u00ee uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmez. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri asker\u00ee teknik bilgi, savunma kabiliyeti ve operasyonel haz\u0131rl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmez kurumlard\u0131r. Ancak asker\u00ee kapasite, anayasal sorumluluk ve kamu denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir g\u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez.<\/p>\n

OSCE\u2019nin Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, asker\u00ee, paramiliter ve i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin demokratik siyasi kontrol\u00fc ve insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 temel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olarak vurgulan\u0131r. Madde 83\u2019teki sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k da ayn\u0131 ilkeyi anayasal d\u00fczlemde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/p>\n

Asker\u00ee G\u00fc\u00e7 Siyasi Bask\u0131 Arac\u0131 Olamaz<\/h2>\n

Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn son f\u0131kras\u0131, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca bu kurumlar se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en temel anayasal frenlerden biridir. Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 devletin d\u0131\u015f tehditlere, yurt savunmas\u0131na ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap vermek i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7 siyasi rekabeti etkilemek, se\u00e7im ortam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131lamak, medyay\u0131 korkutmak, sivil toplumu sindirmek veya anayasal kurumlar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

NATO\u2019nun geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin resm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, demokratik reformlar ve civilian and democratic control<\/a> ilkesi desteklenen ba\u015fl\u0131klardan biri olarak yer al\u0131r. Madde 83, bu demokratik kontrol fikrini anayasa i\u00e7i g\u00fcvenceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr: g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacak, fakat anayasal s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda siyasal bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik ile Hukuk Devleti Birbirine Kar\u015f\u0131t De\u011fildir<\/h2>\n

Madde 83, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda d\u00fczenler. Bu ifade, g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131 ile hukuk devleti aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcvenlik devletin temel g\u00f6revidir; fakat g\u00fcvenlik hizmeti hukukun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u0131sa vadede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir; fakat uzun vadede devlete duyulan g\u00fcveni zay\u0131flat\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen etkisiz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 da kamu d\u00fczenini ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokar. Madde 83 bu iki u\u00e7 aras\u0131nda anayasal denge kurar: g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr, fakat sivil otoriteye, kanuna, stratejiye ve denetime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Venedik Komisyonunun Updated Rule of Law Checklist<\/a> metni; kanunilik, yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, hukuk\u00ee belirlilik, denge-denetim ve anayasal yarg\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarla hukuk devleti \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini ortaya koyar. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilememesi, bu hukuk devleti mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan uyumludur.<\/p>\n

Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn Kurdu\u011fu Yetki Haritas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Alan<\/th>\nMadde 83\u2019teki Anayasal Konum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k<\/td>\nTBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz; Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131<\/td>\nBa\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda, sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\nKurulu\u015f, g\u00f6rev, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131 kanunla d\u00fczenlenir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri<\/td>\nSiyasi etkilerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kanuni ve denetlenebilir savunma kurumu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu<\/td>\nMill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7<\/td>\nSe\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Bu tablo, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel otorite de\u011fil; temsil, sivil sorumluluk, kanunilik ve denetim b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde kurulan anayasal bir denge oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Vatanda\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Ne \u0130fade Eder?<\/h2>\n

Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k ilk bak\u0131\u015fta yaln\u0131z asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131 ilgilendiren bir kavram gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Oysa vatanda\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn millet iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Vatanda\u015f, savunma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister; fakat bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn kendi haklar\u0131, se\u00e7imi, medyas\u0131, yarg\u0131s\u0131 veya sivil toplum \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesini de bekler.<\/p>\n

Madde 83 vatanda\u015f i\u00e7in \u015fu g\u00fcvenceleri sa\u011flar:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Mill\u00ee me\u015fruiyet:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k TBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n
  • Temsil s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/strong> Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z temsil eder.<\/li>\n
  • \u0130crai sorumluluk:<\/strong> Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Sivil otorite:<\/strong> G\u00fcvenlik ve savunma hizmetleri sivil anayasal d\u00fczene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • \u0130sti\u015far\u00ee MGK:<\/strong> Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 karar merkezi de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
  • Bask\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum ve anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu g\u00fcvenceler, vatanda\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve hukuk g\u00fcvencesini ayn\u0131 anayasal \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda korur.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7: Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Millet \u0130radesine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Temsil ve Sorumluluk D\u00fczenidir<\/h2>\n

    Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn ki\u015fisel, siyasi veya denetimsiz bir merkez h\u00e2line gelmesini \u00f6nleyen temel anayasal kavramlardan biridir. Madde 83, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn nihai me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 millet iradesine ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    Bu maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131, temsil ile icray\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eder; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 ise Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu yaln\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 karar merkezi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak Madde 83, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc savunma kapasitesini hukuk devletiyle, sivil otoriteyle ve demokratik denetimle birlikte ele al\u0131r. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemez; se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bu anayasa modelinde millet iradesi, temsil s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, sivil otorite, icrai sorumluluk, kanunilik ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> \u00fczerine kurulu anayasal savunma d\u00fczenidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, devletin asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kime ait oldu\u011funu, hangi anayasal me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fiil\u00ee komuta yetkisinin hangi sivil sorumluluk \u00e7izgisinde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en hassas anayasal kurumlardan biridir. Bir \u00fclkede silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, yaln\u0131z teknik savunma kapasitesi de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda mill\u00ee egemenlik, hukuk devleti, sivil otorite, yurt savunmas\u0131 ve anayasal d\u00fczen bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok dikkatli s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k meselesi, yaln\u0131z asker\u00ee emir-komuta zinciriyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, millet iradesiyle, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil g\u00f6reviyle, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fuyla ve Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kanunla belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Madde 83, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kurumunu \u00e7ift katmanl\u0131 bir dengeyle d\u00fczenler. Birinci katmanda ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur. \u0130kinci katmanda ise mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131, Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, sembolik temsil ile fiil\u00ee sevk ve idarenin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir anayasal d\u00fczene ba\u011flan\u0131r. Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilmesini yasaklamas\u0131d\u0131r. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu yaln\u0131z mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu yap\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc devletin hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez; tam tersine sivil otorite, hukuk, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve demokratik denetim alt\u0131nda tutar. Madde 83 \u2013 Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda, sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 ve siyasi etkilerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00fcyeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131; 77, 81 ve 119. madde g\u00fcvenceleri korunarak kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmaz; y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin veya yarg\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7emez. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemez; se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Neden TBMM\u2019nin Manevi Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Ayr\u0131lamaz? Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn ilk c\u00fcmlesi, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kurumunu T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flar. Bu ifade, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel makam, d\u00f6nemsel y\u00f6netici veya kapal\u0131 komuta hiyerar\u015fisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, nihai olarak millet egemenli\u011fi i\u00e7inde anlam kazan\u0131r. TBMM ise millet iradesinin anayasal temsil merkezidir. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n TBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamamas\u0131, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn millet iradesinden kopar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu ba\u011f, Meclisin her asker\u00ee karar\u0131 do\u011frudan y\u00f6netece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez; ancak asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel iktidar de\u011fil, anayasal millet iradesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bir ki\u015finin asker\u00ee otoriteyi \u015fahsile\u015ftirmesine imk\u00e2n veren bir unvan de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 anayasal temsil kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eder; fakat temsil, fiil\u00ee asker\u00ee komuta yetkisi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neden Yaln\u0131z Temsil Eder? Madde 83, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z temsil etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, Madde 77 ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Madde 77\u2019de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz bi\u00e7imde ve icrai asker\u00ee komuta yetkisi do\u011furmaks\u0131z\u0131n temsil edece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenir. Bu nedenle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak asker\u00ee sevk ve idare alan\u0131na giremez. Bu ayr\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 devletin ba\u015f\u0131 ve Cumhuriyetin birli\u011finin temsilcisidir. Ancak Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 modelinde y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil g\u00f6revi, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi kullanma, asker\u00ee emir verme, operasyonel karar alma veya mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme yetkisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131n\u0131n vakar\u0131n\u0131 ve devlet temsilini korurken, fiil\u00ee asker\u00ee sorumlulu\u011fu Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai alan\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu tercih, hem makamlar aras\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler hem de asker\u00ee kararlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le getirir. Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n \u0130crai Sorumlulu\u011fu Ne Anlama Gelir? Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131, Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, asker\u00ee ve g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda sorumluluk zincirini netle\u015ftirir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 temsil eder; Ba\u015fbakan icrai sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131r; TBMM millet iradesinin anayasal merkezidir; yarg\u0131 denetimi hukuk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 korur. Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu, g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f veya denetimsiz hareket edemeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik politikas\u0131, ki\u015fisel g\u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131 de\u011fil, anayasal sorumluluk alan\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fbakan, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin merkezi olarak g\u00fcvenlik ve savunma hizmetlerinin hukuka, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisine, sivil otoriteye ve kamu yarar\u0131na uygun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumludur. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn demokratik y\u00f6netimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir. DCAF, g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6netimini daha etkili ve hesap verebilir g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131yla devletleri ve insanlar\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenli k\u0131lmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck bir alan olarak tan\u0131mlar. DCAF \u2013 Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance bu konuda g\u00fcvenlik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6netimi, hesap verebilirlik ve demokratik denetim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 kaynaklardan biridir. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve TSK Neden Kanunla D\u00fczenlenir? Madde 83, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunun kurulu\u015fu, g\u00f6revleri, \u00fcyeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma usulleri, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini belirtir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, asker\u00ee ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n idari team\u00fcl, fiil\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi veya kapal\u0131 i\u00e7 d\u00fczenlemelerle \u015fekillenmesini \u00f6nler. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri gibi kurumlar, devletin en y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlik kapasitesini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu kapasitenin kurulu\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131, terfi sistemi, disiplin esaslar\u0131, atama usulleri ve denetim mekanizmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kanuni \u00e7er\u00e7eveye dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kanunilik, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fc hem \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hem denetlenebilir k\u0131lar. Bu d\u00fczenleme ayn\u0131 zamanda 77, 81 ve 119. madde g\u00fcvencelerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015far. Yani Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri d\u00fczenlenirken Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n temsil\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve g\u00fcvenlik sorumlulu\u011fu, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi ve anayasal denetim dengesi zay\u0131flat\u0131lamaz. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde anlam kazan\u0131r. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Neden \u0130sti\u015far\u00eedir? Madde 83, Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulunu mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organ olarak tan\u0131mlar. MGK\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir; y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin veya yarg\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7emez. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fma ile karar alma yetkisini birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu, farkl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik akt\u00f6rlerinin de\u011ferlendirme yapabilece\u011fi, riskleri tart\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine katk\u0131 sunabilece\u011fi bir isti\u015fare zeminidir. Ancak isti\u015fare, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 icra yetkisi de\u011fildir. MGK g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme sorumlulu\u011funu devralamaz; TBMM\u2019nin kanun ve denetim alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltamaz; yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7emez. Bu ayr\u0131m, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131n devlet organlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kapal\u0131 bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. G\u00fcvenlik siyaseti \u00f6nemlidir; fakat g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esi, anayasal organlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev alan\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya alan veya onlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en bir mekanizma h\u00e2line getirilemez. Sivil Otoriteye Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k Neden Hayatidir? Madde 83, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131n sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. Sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn demokratik anayasal d\u00fczen i\u00e7indeki yerini belirler. Silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 profesyonel, disiplinli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olabilir; fakat nihai kamu sorumlulu\u011fu sivil anayasal makamlar eliyle ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, asker\u00ee uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmez. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri asker\u00ee teknik bilgi, savunma kabiliyeti ve operasyonel haz\u0131rl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmez kurumlard\u0131r. Ancak asker\u00ee kapasite, anayasal sorumluluk ve kamu denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir g\u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. OSCE\u2019nin Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, asker\u00ee, paramiliter ve i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin demokratik siyasi kontrol\u00fc ve insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 temel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olarak vurgulan\u0131r. Madde 83\u2019teki sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k da ayn\u0131 ilkeyi anayasal d\u00fczlemde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Asker\u00ee G\u00fc\u00e7 Siyasi Bask\u0131 Arac\u0131 Olamaz Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn son f\u0131kras\u0131, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca bu kurumlar se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en temel anayasal frenlerden biridir. Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 devletin d\u0131\u015f tehditlere, yurt savunmas\u0131na ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap vermek i\u00e7in vard\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7 siyasi rekabeti etkilemek, se\u00e7im ortam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek, yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131lamak, medyay\u0131 korkutmak, sivil toplumu sindirmek veya anayasal kurumlar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz. NATO\u2019nun geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin resm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda, demokratik reformlar ve civilian and democratic control ilkesi desteklenen ba\u015fl\u0131klardan biri olarak yer al\u0131r. Madde 83, bu demokratik kontrol fikrini anayasa i\u00e7i g\u00fcvenceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr: g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacak, fakat anayasal s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda siyasal bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik ile Hukuk Devleti Birbirine Kar\u015f\u0131t De\u011fildir Madde 83, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda d\u00fczenler. Bu ifade, g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131 ile hukuk devleti aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. G\u00fcvenlik devletin temel g\u00f6revidir; fakat g\u00fcvenlik hizmeti hukukun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez. Hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u0131sa vadede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir; fakat uzun vadede devlete duyulan g\u00fcveni zay\u0131flat\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen etkisiz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 da kamu d\u00fczenini ve yurt savunmas\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokar. Madde 83 bu iki u\u00e7 aras\u0131nda anayasal denge kurar: g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr, fakat sivil otoriteye, kanuna, stratejiye ve denetime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Venedik Komisyonunun Updated Rule of Law Checklist metni; kanunilik, yetkinin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, hukuk\u00ee belirlilik, denge-denetim ve anayasal yarg\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarla hukuk devleti \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini ortaya koyar. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilememesi, bu hukuk devleti mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan uyumludur. Madde 83\u2019\u00fcn Kurdu\u011fu Yetki Haritas\u0131 Alan Madde 83\u2019teki Anayasal Konum Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k TBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz; Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunur. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda, sivil otoriteye ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurulu\u015f, g\u00f6rev, komuta, terfi, atama, disiplin ve denetim esaslar\u0131 kanunla d\u00fczenlenir. T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Siyasi etkilerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kanuni ve denetlenebilir savunma kurumu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik siyasetine ili\u015fkin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r. Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 Se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz. Bu tablo, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel otorite de\u011fil; temsil, sivil sorumluluk, kanunilik ve denetim b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde kurulan anayasal bir denge oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Vatanda\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Ne \u0130fade Eder? Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k ilk bak\u0131\u015fta yaln\u0131z asker\u00ee kurumlar\u0131 ilgilendiren bir kavram gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Oysa vatanda\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn millet iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuk i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Vatanda\u015f, savunma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister; fakat bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn kendi haklar\u0131, se\u00e7imi, medyas\u0131, yarg\u0131s\u0131 veya sivil toplum \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesini de bekler. Madde 83 vatanda\u015f i\u00e7in \u015fu g\u00fcvenceleri sa\u011flar: Mill\u00ee me\u015fruiyet: Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k TBMM\u2019nin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamaz. Temsil s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131: Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z temsil eder. \u0130crai sorumluluk: Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Sivil otorite: G\u00fcvenlik ve savunma hizmetleri sivil anayasal d\u00fczene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130sti\u015far\u00ee MGK: Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 karar merkezi de\u011fildir. Bask\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131: Asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum ve anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz. Bu g\u00fcvenceler, vatanda\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ihtiyac\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve hukuk g\u00fcvencesini ayn\u0131 anayasal \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda korur. Sonu\u00e7: Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Millet \u0130radesine Ba\u011fl\u0131 Temsil ve Sorumluluk D\u00fczenidir Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn ki\u015fisel, siyasi veya denetimsiz bir merkez h\u00e2line gelmesini \u00f6nleyen temel anayasal kavramlardan biridir. Madde 83, ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z temsil olunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek, asker\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn nihai me\u015fruiyet kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 millet iradesine ba\u011flar. Bu maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf\u0131, temsil ile icray\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eder; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik ve yurt savunmas\u0131 ise Anayasa, kanunlar ve mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik stratejisi do\u011frultusunda Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n icrai sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri ve Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu kanunla d\u00fczenlenir; Mill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu yaln\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildiren isti\u015far\u00ee organd\u0131r ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 karar merkezi de\u011fildir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Madde 83, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc savunma kapasitesini hukuk devletiyle, sivil otoriteyle ve demokratik denetimle birlikte ele al\u0131r. Mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 ve asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasi, ki\u015fisel veya denetimsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezi h\u00e2line getirilemez; se\u00e7im, yarg\u0131, medya, sivil toplum veya anayasal kurumlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k, bu anayasa modelinde millet iradesi, temsil s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, sivil otorite, icrai sorumluluk, kanunilik ve g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulu anayasal savunma d\u00fczenidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yurutme-basbakanlik-ve-idare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":321,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319\/revisions\/321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}