{"id":179,"date":"2026-06-15T12:39:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/?p=179"},"modified":"2026-06-15T12:39:21","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:39:21","slug":"calisma-hakki-madde-39","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/calisma-hakki-madde-39\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131&#8217;nda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131 (Madde 39)"},"content":{"rendered":"<article><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, insan\u0131n yaln\u0131z ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamas\u0131yla ilgili de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda onurlu ya\u015fama, \u00fcretme, topluma kat\u0131lma ve eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma imk\u00e2n\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkede insanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istedikleri h\u00e2lde d\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor, g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda liyakat yerine yak\u0131nl\u0131k ili\u015fkileri belirleyici oluyor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeliyor veya dinlenme hakk\u0131 fiilen kullan\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 yaln\u0131z ekonomik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda anayasal bir sorun h\u00e2line gelir. <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde Madde 39, bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f ve dengeli bir bak\u0131\u015fla d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu madde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hem hak hem \u00f6dev olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; fakat bunu k\u00f6r bir \u00fcretim bask\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda <u>liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat ve adalet<\/u> ilkelerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131, eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma ilkesini ve dinlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde korur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcreli, hedefli ve denetlenebilir tedbirler al\u0131nabilece\u011fini kabul eder. B\u00f6ylece <strong><em>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, yaln\u0131z i\u015f sahibi olma de\u011fil; adil, g\u00fcvenli, liyakatli ve insan onuruna uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Madde 39 \u2013 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Dinlenme Hakk\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131; \u00f6nceden belirli, denetlenebilir esaslara dayan\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla s\u00fcreli, hedefli, mali etkisi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve denetlenebilir istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleri uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Tedbirler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, sendikal haklar\u0131, i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda rekabeti veya kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n adil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni ve i\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131; yeterlilik, liyakat, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve insan onuruna uygunluk esaslar\u0131yla belirlenir.<\/p>\n<p>Dinlenmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, dinlenme hakk\u0131 ile \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyemez veya kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getiremez.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131, Onurlu Ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00dcretken Zeminidir<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, insan\u0131n toplum i\u00e7inde aktif, \u00fcretken ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yer edinmesini sa\u011flar. Madde 39\u2019un \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hem bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hem de toplumsal sorumluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu ifade, insan\u0131n eme\u011fini yaln\u0131z ekonomik bir ara\u00e7 olarak de\u011fil, toplumsal kat\u0131l\u0131m bi\u00e7imi olarak da de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiyi her \u015fart alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlayan bir anlay\u0131\u015fa indirgenemez. Esas olan, insan onuruna uygun ve adil \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/topics-and-sectors\/decent-work-and-2030-agenda-sustainable-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0130nsana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015f<\/a> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 gelir, g\u00fcvenlik, sosyal koruma ve haklarla birlikte de\u011ferlendirir. Bu nedenle <u>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insani de\u011feri<\/u>, yaln\u0131z i\u015fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil, i\u015fin niteli\u011fiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2>Liyakat ve E\u015fit F\u0131rsat Olmadan Adil \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma D\u00fczeni Kurulamaz<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte sayar. Bu birliktelik \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, yaln\u0131z i\u015f piyasas\u0131na girebilmek de\u011fil; haks\u0131z ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve keyf\u00ee g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmak anlam\u0131na da gelir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirli, denetlenebilir esaslara ba\u011flanmas\u0131, maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraflar\u0131ndan biridir. Kamu g\u00f6revleri ki\u015fisel yak\u0131nl\u0131k, sadakat beklentisi veya kapal\u0131 ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, kamu hizmetinin kalitesi de zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. <strong><em>Liyakatli g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 hem vatanda\u015f\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 hizmetin niteli\u011fini korur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Liyakat<\/strong>, g\u00f6revin ehil ki\u015fiye verilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><u>E\u015fit f\u0131rsat<\/u>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7izgisindeki haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><em>Denetlenebilir y\u00fckselme esaslar\u0131<\/em>, kamu hizmetinde g\u00fcven \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma<\/strong>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n ahlaki temelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, L\u00fcks De\u011fil Temel G\u00fcvencedir<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yok sayan bir \u00fcretim d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde korunamaz. Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas kabul eder. Bu, i\u015f kazalar\u0131, meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bask\u0131s\u0131, psikolojik y\u0131pranma ve insan onuruna ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal y\u00f6n g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, kurulu\u015fundan bu yana i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve tavsiye karar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir; bu alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n en temel ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/bureau-employers-activities\/areas-work\/occupational-safety-and-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/a>, yaln\u0131z i\u015fverenin teknik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n bedensel ve ruhsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyan kamusal bir sorumluluktur. Bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fi kadar insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da merkeze almak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Kriz D\u00f6nemlerinde \u0130stihdam Korumas\u0131, Ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemelidir<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 39, a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 tedbirlerin uygulanabilece\u011fini kabul eder. Bunlar; s\u00fcreli, hedefli, mali etkisi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve denetlenebilir istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleridir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, <strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n kriz zamanlar\u0131nda da korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat madde burada \u00e7ok hassas bir denge kurar. Kriz tedbirleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, sendikal haklar\u0131, i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda rekabeti veya kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n adil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. OECD\u2019nin kriz d\u00f6nemlerine ili\u015fkin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/riding-the-waves-adjusting-job-retention-schemes-through-the-covid-19-crisis_ae8f892f-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">istihdam koruma programlar\u0131<\/a> analizleri de bu t\u00fcr desteklerin ge\u00e7ici d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde i\u015fleri koruma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak tasar\u0131m ve hedefleme kalitesinin belirleyici oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Yani destek, i\u015f\u00e7iyi ve \u00fcretimi korumal\u0131; kapal\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczeni kurmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Yeniden Beceri Kazand\u0131rma, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Gelece\u011fe A\u00e7\u0131lan Kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 39\u2019un \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f taraflar\u0131ndan biri de yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirlerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc <strong>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, de\u011fi\u015fen ekonomik \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131z mevcut i\u015fi korumaktan ibaret de\u011fildir. Teknoloji, yapay zek\u00e2, otomasyon, dijitalle\u015fme ve \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerindeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yeni beceriler kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Bir ki\u015fi mesle\u011fini kaybetti\u011finde ya da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f piyasa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onu yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmak sosyal adaletle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. Yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurabilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. OECD\u2019nin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/agile-occupational-and-training-standards-for-responsive-skills-policies_bacb5e4a-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">beceri politikalar\u0131<\/a> \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, e\u011fitim ve mesleki standartlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na duyarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcncellenmesinin \u00f6nemini ortaya koyar. Bu nedenle <u>yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma<\/u>, sosyal destek de\u011fil, \u00fcretken gelece\u011fe yat\u0131r\u0131m anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<h2>Dinlenme Hakk\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u0130nsan Oldu\u011funu Hat\u0131rlat\u0131r<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, dinlenme hakk\u0131 olmadan eksik kal\u0131r. Madde 39\u2019un son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetlidir: Dinlenmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, dinlenme hakk\u0131 ile \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyemez veya kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getiremez. Bu c\u00fcmle, insan\u0131n yaln\u0131z \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dinlenme hakk\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin bedensel ve ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. Aile hayat\u0131, sosyal ya\u015fam, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim ve zihinsel toparlanma da bu hakla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. ILO, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle ili\u015fkisini vurgular; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, haftal\u0131k dinlenme ve \u00fccretli y\u0131ll\u0131k izin gibi g\u00fcvenceler uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/topics-and-sectors\/working-time-and-work-organization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi ve dinlenme<\/a>, bu nedenle yaln\u0131z takvim meselesi de\u011fil, insan onuruna uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin temelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Son De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde insan\u0131n eme\u011fini, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini ve dinlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131 birlikte koruyan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal ilke olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi olarak tan\u0131mlar; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z ekonomik verimlilikle de\u011fil, insan onuru ve adaletle birlikte de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu maddenin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerinden biri, kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 denetlenebilir esaslara ba\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleri uygulanabilir; ancak bunlar ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni yeterlilik, liyakat, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve insan onuruna uygunluk esaslar\u0131yla belirlenir. Dinlenme hakk\u0131, \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131 ise kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getirilemez. B\u00f6ylece <strong><em>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/em><\/strong>, sadece i\u015f sahibi olmay\u0131 de\u011fil; adil, g\u00fcvenli, liyakatli ve insan\u0131 yormadan ya\u015fatan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, insan\u0131n yaln\u0131z ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamas\u0131yla ilgili de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda onurlu ya\u015fama, \u00fcretme, topluma kat\u0131lma ve eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma imk\u00e2n\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkede insanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istedikleri h\u00e2lde d\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor, g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda liyakat yerine yak\u0131nl\u0131k ili\u015fkileri belirleyici oluyor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeliyor veya dinlenme hakk\u0131 fiilen kullan\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 yaln\u0131z ekonomik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda anayasal bir sorun h\u00e2line gelir. Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Madde 39, bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f ve dengeli bir bak\u0131\u015fla d\u00fczenler. Bu madde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hem hak hem \u00f6dev olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr; fakat bunu k\u00f6r bir \u00fcretim bask\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat ve adalet ilkelerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131, eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma ilkesini ve dinlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde korur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcreli, hedefli ve denetlenebilir tedbirler al\u0131nabilece\u011fini kabul eder. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, yaln\u0131z i\u015f sahibi olma de\u011fil; adil, g\u00fcvenli, liyakatli ve insan onuruna uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni anlam\u0131na gelir. Madde 39 \u2013 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u015eartlar\u0131 ve Dinlenme Hakk\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esast\u0131r. Kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131; \u00f6nceden belirli, denetlenebilir esaslara dayan\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla s\u00fcreli, hedefli, mali etkisi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve denetlenebilir istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleri uygulanabilir. Tedbirler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, sendikal haklar\u0131, i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda rekabeti veya kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n adil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni ve i\u015f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131; yeterlilik, liyakat, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve insan onuruna uygunluk esaslar\u0131yla belirlenir. Dinlenmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, dinlenme hakk\u0131 ile \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyemez veya kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getiremez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131, Onurlu Ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00dcretken Zeminidir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, insan\u0131n toplum i\u00e7inde aktif, \u00fcretken ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yer edinmesini sa\u011flar. Madde 39\u2019un \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devidir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hem bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hem de toplumsal sorumluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu ifade, insan\u0131n eme\u011fini yaln\u0131z ekonomik bir ara\u00e7 olarak de\u011fil, toplumsal kat\u0131l\u0131m bi\u00e7imi olarak da de\u011ferlendirir. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, ki\u015fiyi her \u015fart alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlayan bir anlay\u0131\u015fa indirgenemez. Esas olan, insan onuruna uygun ve adil \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektir. \u0130nsana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 gelir, g\u00fcvenlik, sosyal koruma ve haklarla birlikte de\u011ferlendirir. Bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insani de\u011feri, yaln\u0131z i\u015fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil, i\u015fin niteli\u011fiyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Liyakat ve E\u015fit F\u0131rsat Olmadan Adil \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma D\u00fczeni Kurulamaz Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte sayar. Bu birliktelik \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, yaln\u0131z i\u015f piyasas\u0131na girebilmek de\u011fil; haks\u0131z ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve keyf\u00ee g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmak anlam\u0131na da gelir. \u00d6zellikle kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirli, denetlenebilir esaslara ba\u011flanmas\u0131, maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraflar\u0131ndan biridir. Kamu g\u00f6revleri ki\u015fisel yak\u0131nl\u0131k, sadakat beklentisi veya kapal\u0131 ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, kamu hizmetinin kalitesi de zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Liyakatli g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 hem vatanda\u015f\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 hizmetin niteli\u011fini korur. Liyakat, g\u00f6revin ehil ki\u015fiye verilmesini sa\u011flar. E\u015fit f\u0131rsat, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00e7izgisindeki haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Denetlenebilir y\u00fckselme esaslar\u0131, kamu hizmetinde g\u00fcven \u00fcretir. Eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n ahlaki temelidir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, L\u00fcks De\u011fil Temel G\u00fcvencedir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yok sayan bir \u00fcretim d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde korunamaz. Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas kabul eder. Bu, i\u015f kazalar\u0131, meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bask\u0131s\u0131, psikolojik y\u0131pranma ve insan onuruna ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal y\u00f6n g\u00f6sterir. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, kurulu\u015fundan bu yana i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve tavsiye karar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir; bu alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n en temel ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, yaln\u0131z i\u015fverenin teknik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n bedensel ve ruhsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyan kamusal bir sorumluluktur. Bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fi kadar insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da merkeze almak zorundad\u0131r. Kriz D\u00f6nemlerinde \u0130stihdam Korumas\u0131, Ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemelidir Madde 39, a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam kayb\u0131 ve gelir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 tedbirlerin uygulanabilece\u011fini kabul eder. Bunlar; s\u00fcreli, hedefli, mali etkisi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve denetlenebilir istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleridir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kriz zamanlar\u0131nda da korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Fakat madde burada \u00e7ok hassas bir denge kurar. Kriz tedbirleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, sendikal haklar\u0131, i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda rekabeti veya kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n adil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. OECD\u2019nin kriz d\u00f6nemlerine ili\u015fkin istihdam koruma programlar\u0131 analizleri de bu t\u00fcr desteklerin ge\u00e7ici d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde i\u015fleri koruma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak tasar\u0131m ve hedefleme kalitesinin belirleyici oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Yani destek, i\u015f\u00e7iyi ve \u00fcretimi korumal\u0131; kapal\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczeni kurmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeniden Beceri Kazand\u0131rma, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Gelece\u011fe A\u00e7\u0131lan Kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r Madde 39\u2019un \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f taraflar\u0131ndan biri de yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirlerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen ekonomik \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131z mevcut i\u015fi korumaktan ibaret de\u011fildir. Teknoloji, yapay zek\u00e2, otomasyon, dijitalle\u015fme ve \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerindeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yeni beceriler kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. Bir ki\u015fi mesle\u011fini kaybetti\u011finde ya da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f piyasa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onu yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmak sosyal adaletle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. Yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurabilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. OECD\u2019nin beceri politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, e\u011fitim ve mesleki standartlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na duyarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcncellenmesinin \u00f6nemini ortaya koyar. Bu nedenle yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma, sosyal destek de\u011fil, \u00fcretken gelece\u011fe yat\u0131r\u0131m anlam\u0131na gelir. Dinlenme Hakk\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u0130nsan Oldu\u011funu Hat\u0131rlat\u0131r \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, dinlenme hakk\u0131 olmadan eksik kal\u0131r. Madde 39\u2019un son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetlidir: Dinlenmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni, dinlenme hakk\u0131 ile \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyemez veya kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getiremez. Bu c\u00fcmle, insan\u0131n yaln\u0131z \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Dinlenme hakk\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin bedensel ve ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. Aile hayat\u0131, sosyal ya\u015fam, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim ve zihinsel toparlanma da bu hakla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. ILO, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle ili\u015fkisini vurgular; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, haftal\u0131k dinlenme ve \u00fccretli y\u0131ll\u0131k izin gibi g\u00fcvenceler uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi ve dinlenme, bu nedenle yaln\u0131z takvim meselesi de\u011fil, insan onuruna uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin temelidir. Son De\u011ferlendirme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde insan\u0131n eme\u011fini, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini ve dinlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131 birlikte koruyan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal ilke olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Madde 39, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 herkesin hakk\u0131 ve \u00f6devi olarak tan\u0131mlar; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda liyakat, e\u015fit f\u0131rsat, adalet, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alma esaslar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z ekonomik verimlilikle de\u011fil, insan onuru ve adaletle birlikte de\u011ferlendirir. Bu maddenin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerinden biri, kamu hizmetine al\u0131nma, g\u00f6revde y\u00fckselme ve g\u00f6rev da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 denetlenebilir esaslara ba\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam koruma, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fsizlik deste\u011fi ve yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma tedbirleri uygulanabilir; ancak bunlar ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femez. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni yeterlilik, liyakat, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve insan onuruna uygunluk esaslar\u0131yla belirlenir. Dinlenme hakk\u0131, \u00fccretli izin ve tatil haklar\u0131 ise kullan\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le getirilemez. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131, sadece i\u015f sahibi olmay\u0131 de\u011fil; adil, g\u00fcvenli, liyakatli ve insan\u0131 yormadan ya\u015fatan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sosyal-devlet-egitim-saglik-ve-cevre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":181,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179\/revisions\/181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}