{"id":173,"date":"2026-06-15T12:23:48","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/?p=173"},"modified":"2026-06-15T12:23:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:23:48","slug":"kamulastirma-madde-37","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/kamulastirma-madde-37\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131&#8217;nda Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, Devletle\u015ftirme, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme ve Kamu Hizmeti Devri (Madde 37)"},"content":{"rendered":"<article><strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong>, devletin ekonomiyle, m\u00fclkiyetle, kamu yarar\u0131yla ve stratejik sekt\u00f6rlerle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin en hassas alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bir kamu i\u015fletmesinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi veya kritik bir hizmetin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yaln\u0131z teknik bir idari i\u015flem de\u011fildir; do\u011frudan vatanda\u015f\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hizmet s\u00fcreklili\u011fini etkileyebilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde Madde 37, bu alan\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal disipline ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu madde, devletin gerekti\u011finde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilece\u011fini kabul eder; fakat bunu <u>somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131<\/u>, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, pe\u015fin \u00f6deme, kanuni usul ve yarg\u0131 yolu \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devrini de \u015feffafl\u0131k, rekabet, mali disiplin, ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamu denetimi gibi g\u00fcvencelerle s\u0131n\u0131rlar. En dikkat \u00e7ekici b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisiyle ilgilidir. <strong><em>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/em><\/strong>, burada yaln\u0131z ekonomik tercih de\u011fil; devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n, mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fin ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc y\u00f6netimi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Madde 37 \u2013 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, Devletle\u015ftirme, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme ve Kamu Hizmeti Devri<\/strong><br \/>\nDevlet ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri, somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6denerek kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilir veya idari irtifak kurabilir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kanuni usule ve yarg\u0131 yoluna tabidir.<\/p>\n<p>Kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi veya \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin, ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 54, 103 ve 108. madde g\u00fcvencelerine tabidir.<\/p>\n<p>Stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, veri egemenli\u011fini, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kamu denetimini zay\u0131flatacak \u015fekilde devredilemez. Savunma, uzay, siber g\u00fcvenlik, haberle\u015fme, su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u0131da varl\u0131klar\u0131 bu g\u00fcvence kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamu yarar\u0131 olmadan me\u015fru olamaz<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong> alan\u0131nda ilk ilke, kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n keyf\u00ee bir m\u00fclkiyet m\u00fcdahalesi olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Madde 37, devlet ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ancak somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fini belirtir. Bu ifade son derece \u00f6nemlidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu yarar\u0131 soyut bir etiket olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi zay\u0131flar.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek kamu yarar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir ve denetlenebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yol, okul, hastane, altyap\u0131, afet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya stratejik kamu hizmeti gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar kamula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirebilir. Fakat bu ihtiya\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmeli, i\u015flem kanuni usule dayanmal\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/ks.echr.coe.int\/web\/echr-ks\/article-1-protocol-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131<\/a> alan\u0131ndaki insan haklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da m\u00fclkiyet m\u00fcdahalelerinde kamu yarar\u0131 ile bireysel hak aras\u0131nda adil denge kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ve pe\u015fin \u00f6deme, kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n adalet terazisidir<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 37\u2019nin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en insani taraf\u0131, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesini \u015fart ko\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong> gibi a\u011f\u0131r kamu i\u015flemlerinde vatanda\u015f\u0131n mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde do\u011fan kay\u0131p, belirsiz vadeye veya eksik bedel takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, ki\u015fiye \u201ckamu yarar\u0131 var, katlanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u201d demekle tamamlanmaz. E\u011fer ki\u015fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyorsa, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda ve tam almal\u0131d\u0131r. <u>Ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesi<\/u>, hem m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 hem de devlete duyulan g\u00fcveni korur. Bu g\u00fcvence yoksa kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamu hizmeti arac\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bireyin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcklenen haks\u0131z bir fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu nedenle Madde 37, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yaln\u0131z amaca de\u011fil, adaletli \u00f6deme \u015fart\u0131na da ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00d6zelle\u015ftirme kamu yarar\u0131ndan koparsa ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong>, yaln\u0131z devletin mal edinmesiyle ilgili de\u011fildir; kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devriyle de ilgilidir. Madde 37, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme veya \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle hizmet g\u00f6rd\u00fcrme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7ok kritik bir bak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme do\u011fru tasarlan\u0131rsa verimlilik, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve hizmet kalitesi \u00fcretebilir; yanl\u0131\u015f tasarlan\u0131rsa kamu tekelinin yerine \u00f6zel ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczeni kurabilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/policy-issues\/public-procurement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kamu al\u0131mlar\u0131<\/a> ve kamu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri alan\u0131nda \u015feffafl\u0131k, rekabet ve hesap verebilirlik ilkeleri bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nemlidir. Devlet, kamu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devrederken yaln\u0131z k\u0131sa vadeli gelir hesab\u0131 yapmamal\u0131; toplumun uzun vadeli faydas\u0131n\u0131, hizmetin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini ve piyasa dengesini de g\u00f6zetmelidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kamu yarar\u0131<\/strong>, i\u015flemin me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/li>\n<li><em>Rekabet<\/em>, kapal\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczenini \u00f6nler.<\/li>\n<li><u>\u015eeffafl\u0131k ve mali disiplin<\/u>, kamu kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, perde arkas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Kamu hizmeti devri, kamu sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaz<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 37, kamuya ait hizmetlerin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fini kabul eder; fakat bunu s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvencelere ba\u011flar. Burada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ilke vard\u0131r: <strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong> s\u00fcrecinde hizmetin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015febilir; fakat kamu sorumlulu\u011fu ortadan kalkmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Bir hizmet \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclse bile vatanda\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan o hizmetin eri\u015filebilir, kesintisiz, adil ve denetlenebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir. Su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k, haberle\u015fme veya ula\u015f\u0131m gibi alanlarda hizmetin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ba\u011flanmas\u0131, devletin \u201cart\u0131k sorumluluk bende de\u011fil\u201d demesi anlam\u0131na gelemez. <a href=\"https:\/\/ppp.worldbank.org\/PPP_Online_Reference_Guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kamu-\u00f6zel i\u015f birli\u011fi<\/a> rehberleri de bu t\u00fcr projelerde risk payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme tasar\u0131m\u0131, hesap verebilirlik ve kamu yarar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin merkezi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h2>Stratejik sekt\u00f6rlerin devri mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik meselesidir<\/h2>\n<p>Madde 37\u2019nin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi hakk\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131r. <strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong> burada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, veri egemenli\u011fi, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu denetimiyle ili\u015fkilendirilir.<\/p>\n<p>Savunma, uzay, siber g\u00fcvenlik, haberle\u015fme, su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u0131da varl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131radan ekonomik mallar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Bu alanlarda yap\u0131lacak kontrols\u00fcz devirler, \u00fclkenin kriz an\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatabilir. <u>Kritik altyap\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/u>, art\u0131k sadece g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, anayasal ekonomi y\u00f6netiminin de meselesidir. OECD\u2019nin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/data-governance.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">veri y\u00f6neti\u015fimi<\/a> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, verinin teknik de\u011fil; politika, d\u00fczenleme, mahremiyet, rekabet ve kamu yarar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gereken bir kaynak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<h2>Kamu i\u015fletmeleri profesyonel y\u00f6netim ve hesap verebilirlik ister<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong> tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken kamu i\u015fletmelerinin y\u00f6netimi de ihmal edilemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu varl\u0131klar\u0131 ya k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimle de\u011fer kaybeder ya da kapal\u0131 kararlarla kamu yarar\u0131ndan kopar. Madde 37\u2019nin \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgusu, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kurumsal y\u00f6netim mesaj\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kamu i\u015fletmeleri toplum ad\u0131na y\u00f6netilen varl\u0131klard\u0131r. Bu nedenle atamalar, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, sat\u0131\u015flar, ortakl\u0131klar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler liyakatli, denetlenebilir ve hesap verebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/corporate-governance-of-state-owned-enterprises.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kamu i\u015fletmelerinin kurumsal y\u00f6netimi<\/a>, devletin sahip oldu\u011fu \u015firketleri profesyonel, \u015feffaf ve kamuya kar\u015f\u0131 hesap verebilir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Buradaki temel fikir a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: Kamu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kimsenin kapal\u0131 tasarruf alan\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h2>Son Bak\u0131\u015f: Kamu Yarar\u0131, Stratejik Ak\u0131l ve Hukuk G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131<\/a> i\u00e7inde kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomi, m\u00fclkiyet ve stratejik sekt\u00f6rler \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenleyen temel bir anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7evedir. Madde 37, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesi, kanuni usul ve yarg\u0131 yolu \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece bireyin m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kamu yarar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tamamen savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Bu maddenin as\u0131l de\u011feri, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devrini de s\u0131k\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvencelere tabi tutmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devri; kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r. Stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi ise mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, veri egemenli\u011fini, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kamu denetimini zay\u0131flatacak \u015fekilde devredilemez. B\u00f6ylece <strong>kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri<\/strong>, g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik ekonomik tercihlerin de\u011fil; hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kamu yarar\u0131 ve stratejik devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n konusu h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri, devletin ekonomiyle, m\u00fclkiyetle, kamu yarar\u0131yla ve stratejik sekt\u00f6rlerle kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin en hassas alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bir kamu i\u015fletmesinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi veya kritik bir hizmetin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yaln\u0131z teknik bir idari i\u015flem de\u011fildir; do\u011frudan vatanda\u015f\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hizmet s\u00fcreklili\u011fini etkileyebilir. Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde Madde 37, bu alan\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anayasal disipline ba\u011flar. Bu madde, devletin gerekti\u011finde kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilece\u011fini kabul eder; fakat bunu somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, pe\u015fin \u00f6deme, kanuni usul ve yarg\u0131 yolu \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devrini de \u015feffafl\u0131k, rekabet, mali disiplin, ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamu denetimi gibi g\u00fcvencelerle s\u0131n\u0131rlar. En dikkat \u00e7ekici b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisiyle ilgilidir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri, burada yaln\u0131z ekonomik tercih de\u011fil; devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n, mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fin ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc y\u00f6netimi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Madde 37 \u2013 Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, Devletle\u015ftirme, \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme ve Kamu Hizmeti Devri Devlet ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri, somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6denerek kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilir veya idari irtifak kurabilir. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma kanuni usule ve yarg\u0131 yoluna tabidir. Kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi veya \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin, ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 54, 103 ve 108. madde g\u00fcvencelerine tabidir. Stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi; mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, veri egemenli\u011fini, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kamu denetimini zay\u0131flatacak \u015fekilde devredilemez. Savunma, uzay, siber g\u00fcvenlik, haberle\u015fme, su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u0131da varl\u0131klar\u0131 bu g\u00fcvence kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamu yarar\u0131 olmadan me\u015fru olamaz Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri alan\u0131nda ilk ilke, kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n keyf\u00ee bir m\u00fclkiyet m\u00fcdahalesi olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Madde 37, devlet ve kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerinin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetteki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 ancak somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamula\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fini belirtir. Bu ifade son derece \u00f6nemlidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu yarar\u0131 soyut bir etiket olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi zay\u0131flar. Ger\u00e7ek kamu yarar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir ve denetlenebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yol, okul, hastane, altyap\u0131, afet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi veya stratejik kamu hizmeti gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar kamula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirebilir. Fakat bu ihtiya\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmeli, i\u015flem kanuni usule dayanmal\u0131 ve yarg\u0131 yolu a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki insan haklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da m\u00fclkiyet m\u00fcdahalelerinde kamu yarar\u0131 ile bireysel hak aras\u0131nda adil denge kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ve pe\u015fin \u00f6deme, kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n adalet terazisidir Madde 37\u2019nin kamula\u015ft\u0131rma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en insani taraf\u0131, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesini \u015fart ko\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri gibi a\u011f\u0131r kamu i\u015flemlerinde vatanda\u015f\u0131n mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde do\u011fan kay\u0131p, belirsiz vadeye veya eksik bedel takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, ki\u015fiye \u201ckamu yarar\u0131 var, katlanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u201d demekle tamamlanmaz. E\u011fer ki\u015fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyorsa, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda ve tam almal\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesi, hem m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 hem de devlete duyulan g\u00fcveni korur. Bu g\u00fcvence yoksa kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, kamu hizmeti arac\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bireyin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcklenen haks\u0131z bir fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu nedenle Madde 37, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yaln\u0131z amaca de\u011fil, adaletli \u00f6deme \u015fart\u0131na da ba\u011flar. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme kamu yarar\u0131ndan koparsa ayr\u0131cal\u0131k rejimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri, yaln\u0131z devletin mal edinmesiyle ilgili de\u011fildir; kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devriyle de ilgilidir. Madde 37, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme veya \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle hizmet g\u00f6rd\u00fcrme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar. Bu \u00e7ok kritik bir bak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme do\u011fru tasarlan\u0131rsa verimlilik, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve hizmet kalitesi \u00fcretebilir; yanl\u0131\u015f tasarlan\u0131rsa kamu tekelinin yerine \u00f6zel ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczeni kurabilir. Kamu al\u0131mlar\u0131 ve kamu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri alan\u0131nda \u015feffafl\u0131k, rekabet ve hesap verebilirlik ilkeleri bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nemlidir. Devlet, kamu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devrederken yaln\u0131z k\u0131sa vadeli gelir hesab\u0131 yapmamal\u0131; toplumun uzun vadeli faydas\u0131n\u0131, hizmetin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini ve piyasa dengesini de g\u00f6zetmelidir. Kamu yarar\u0131, i\u015flemin me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Rekabet, kapal\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131k d\u00fczenini \u00f6nler. \u015eeffafl\u0131k ve mali disiplin, kamu kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur. Ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, perde arkas\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lar. Kamu hizmeti devri, kamu sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaz Madde 37, kamuya ait hizmetlerin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fini kabul eder; fakat bunu s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvencelere ba\u011flar. Burada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ilke vard\u0131r: Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri s\u00fcrecinde hizmetin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015febilir; fakat kamu sorumlulu\u011fu ortadan kalkmaz. Bir hizmet \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclse bile vatanda\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan o hizmetin eri\u015filebilir, kesintisiz, adil ve denetlenebilir olmas\u0131 gerekir. Su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k, haberle\u015fme veya ula\u015f\u0131m gibi alanlarda hizmetin \u00f6zel hukuk s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ba\u011flanmas\u0131, devletin \u201cart\u0131k sorumluluk bende de\u011fil\u201d demesi anlam\u0131na gelemez. Kamu-\u00f6zel i\u015f birli\u011fi rehberleri de bu t\u00fcr projelerde risk payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme tasar\u0131m\u0131, hesap verebilirlik ve kamu yarar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesinin merkezi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Stratejik sekt\u00f6rlerin devri mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik meselesidir Madde 37\u2019nin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi hakk\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131r. Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri burada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, veri egemenli\u011fi, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve kamu denetimiyle ili\u015fkilendirilir. Savunma, uzay, siber g\u00fcvenlik, haberle\u015fme, su, enerji, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u0131da varl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131radan ekonomik mallar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Bu alanlarda yap\u0131lacak kontrols\u00fcz devirler, \u00fclkenin kriz an\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatabilir. Kritik altyap\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131, art\u0131k sadece g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, anayasal ekonomi y\u00f6netiminin de meselesidir. OECD\u2019nin veri y\u00f6neti\u015fimi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, verinin teknik de\u011fil; politika, d\u00fczenleme, mahremiyet, rekabet ve kamu yarar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gereken bir kaynak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Kamu i\u015fletmeleri profesyonel y\u00f6netim ve hesap verebilirlik ister Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken kamu i\u015fletmelerinin y\u00f6netimi de ihmal edilemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kamu varl\u0131klar\u0131 ya k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimle de\u011fer kaybeder ya da kapal\u0131 kararlarla kamu yarar\u0131ndan kopar. Madde 37\u2019nin \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgusu, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kurumsal y\u00f6netim mesaj\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Kamu i\u015fletmeleri toplum ad\u0131na y\u00f6netilen varl\u0131klard\u0131r. Bu nedenle atamalar, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, sat\u0131\u015flar, ortakl\u0131klar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler liyakatli, denetlenebilir ve hesap verebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kamu i\u015fletmelerinin kurumsal y\u00f6netimi, devletin sahip oldu\u011fu \u015firketleri profesyonel, \u015feffaf ve kamuya kar\u015f\u0131 hesap verebilir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgular. Buradaki temel fikir a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: Kamu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kimsenin kapal\u0131 tasarruf alan\u0131 de\u011fildir. Son Bak\u0131\u015f: Kamu Yarar\u0131, Stratejik Ak\u0131l ve Hukuk G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri, Milli Liyakat Anayasas\u0131 i\u00e7inde kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomi, m\u00fclkiyet ve stratejik sekt\u00f6rler \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenleyen temel bir anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7evedir. Madde 37, kamula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 somut ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kamu yarar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pe\u015fin \u00f6denmesi, kanuni usul ve yarg\u0131 yolu \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece bireyin m\u00fclkiyet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kamu yarar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tamamen savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz. Bu maddenin as\u0131l de\u011feri, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devrini de s\u0131k\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvencelere tabi tutmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kamuya ait i\u015fletme, varl\u0131k ve hizmetlerin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devri; kamu yarar\u0131, rekabet, \u015feffafl\u0131k, mali disiplin ve ger\u00e7ek faydalan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r. Stratejik sekt\u00f6rler, kritik altyap\u0131lar ve kamu verisi ise mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, veri egemenli\u011fini, tedarik g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kamu denetimini zay\u0131flatacak \u015fekilde devredilemez. B\u00f6ylece kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, devletle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve kamu hizmeti devri, g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik ekonomik tercihlerin de\u011fil; hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kamu yarar\u0131 ve stratejik devlet akl\u0131n\u0131n konusu h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":174,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sosyal-devlet-egitim-saglik-ve-cevre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173\/revisions\/175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliliyakat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}